The benefits of therapeutic riding are as numerous as the types of disabilities and conditions served. Research shows that students who participate in a riding for the disabled program can experience physical, emotional and mental rewards. Because horseback riding gently and rhythmically moves the rider's body in a manner similar to a human gait, riders with physical disabilities often show improvement in flexibility, balance and muscle strength. For individuals with mental or emotional disabilities, the unique relationship formed with the horse can lead to increased confidence, patience and self-esteem. The sense of independence found on horseback benefits all that ride. Many medical professionals, including the American Physical Therapy Association and the American Occupational Therapy Association recognize the therapeutic qualities of horseback riding. Individuals of all ages, with a wide range of physical, cognitive and/or emotional disabilities benefit from horseback riding and other equine activities.